|
Conclusion
The Middlesbrough Jewish Community
appears to have always used the English language for everyday use
and the Hebrew language for prayer. The original members of the
community, prior to 1910, do appear to have kept themselves to
themselves, with little interaction with the wider community. This
may have been just a case of strangers in a strange environment
because after 1910 the Jewish people were rapidly assimilating into
all aspects of English life.
The Jewish immigrants were willing to
allow their children to attend Christian schools for their general
education. The majority of the first generation of English-born Jews
in Middlesbrough all attended Christian schools with very little
intolerance shown towards them from their Christian contemporaries.
The Jewish children openly associated with Gentile children, both
inside and outside of school hours.
When the Jewish children became
adults they continued to associate with the Gentile population in
their social activities with only one reported incident of
discrimination. The only time any social activities did not include
interaction with the Gentile population were the activities pursued
within the communal hall of the synagogue. The social activities
within the synagogue were no different than the social activities
pursued by the Christians in their church halls.
The majority of the Jewish people in
Middlesbrough did tend to live within walking distance of the
synagogue, but this does not mean they were the only residents of
those areas. Jews and Gentiles lived side by side with each other,
with no signs of intolerance from either side.
The majority of the Jewish people of
Middlesbrough were fully integrated with the Gentile population in
the working environment. They either employed Gentiles, conducted
business with them or worked in a Gentile environment. There were no
signs of intolerance from either side in the working environment.
The Middlesbrough Jewish Community
displayed considerable loyalty to England as a nation. The men and
women of the Middlesbrough Jewish Community played their full roles
in both World Wars. They did not perceive themselves as either
English or Jewish but of English nationality who were of the Jewish
religion.
However, the Jewish people in
Middlesbrough maintained their religious and. cultural
distinctiveness. Jewish children were all taught their faith in the
synagogue and the home. The synagogue remained the most important
place for their religious observation, although observation was
practised in the home each day. They did keep their strict dietary
laws with the help of a Gentile butcher. They never kept their
religion a closely guarded secret, which is probably the reason why
they never faced any serious intolerance from the Gentile
population.
The Jewish people of Middlesbrough
kept their strong kinship ties within their families, their
community and with Jewish people of other nationalities. The marital
and family ties were as strong as ever. The reason that few Jews
married Gentiles was not because of any anti-Christian feeling but
to maintain their own religion.
The first generation of English-born
Jews residing in Middlesbrough between 1910 and 1960 were of English
nationality and Jewish faith. Although there is a need for more
research into this subject the evidence shows the Jewish people of
Middlesbrough were a unique group who combined their Englishness and
Jewishness into a surely balanced Anglo-Jewish identity.

|